# Open Assets: power plant emissions and closures

## How to cite
Open Assets (University of Oxford & The University of Queensland). Power plant emissions and closures, version 2026-10. https://open-assets.ai/power/

Please also credit the original sources listed below.

## Licence
Unless stated otherwise, these files are licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Company targets (Net Zero Tracker, CC BY-NC 4.0) and TPI data are shown on the site for comparison but are not part of the downloadable data.

Status: beta. Figures are being verified and may change. See https://open-assets.ai/methodology/power/.

## Files
- **power_company_series.csv** (CC BY 4.0). Company-year emissions (Mt CO2-e), generation (TWh), intensity (t/MWh sent out; NGER gross generation in generation_gross_twh), on two bases (column basis: operational = NGER reporter 100%, equity = the GEM equity share of the parent group of each plant): actuals and projections (AEMO closures, closures delayed as in the past (by the average delay AEMO applied before), closures 5 years late, no closures). Sources: Clean Energy Regulator (NGER scheme); AEMO; AEMO; Global Energy Monitor.
- **power_plants.csv** (CC BY 4.0). One row per plant: fuel, state, status, latest emissions and generation, AEMO closure dates per unit, last emitting financial year, flags, GEM owners and the equity share of the company group. Sources: Clean Energy Regulator (NGER scheme); AEMO; AEMO; Global Energy Monitor.
- **power_plant_annual.csv** (CC BY 4.0). Plant-year NGER emissions and generation: sent out (generation_twh) and NGER gross (generation_gross_twh), with the own-use factor applied. Sources: Clean Energy Regulator (NGER scheme); AEMO.
- **power_company_series_us.csv** (CC BY 4.0). United States: parent-group emissions (Mt CO2e), net generation (TWh) and intensity, 2005-2025 (2024-2025 estimated with the eGRID method from EIA-923 and EPA CAMPD) and projections (planned retirements, 5 years late, no closures), on equity and operational bases. Sources: US Environmental Protection Agency; US Energy Information Administration; US Environmental Protection Agency; US Energy Information Administration; Global Energy Monitor.
- **power_plants_us.csv** (CC BY 4.0). United States: one row per plant operated by the published groups: fuel, state, latest emissions and generation, retirement years, GEM owners and equity share. Sources: US Environmental Protection Agency; US Energy Information Administration; Global Energy Monitor.
- **power_plant_annual_us.csv** (CC BY 4.0). United States: plant-year emissions and net generation. Sources: US Environmental Protection Agency.
- **power_company_series_eu.csv** (CC BY 4.0). Europe (EU 27, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, UK): parent-group emissions (Mt CO2e, EU and UK ETS verified, including heat from CHP), 2013-2025, and projections (GEM planned retirements, 5 years late, no closures), on equity and operational bases. Net generation and intensity (ENTSO-E, units of 100 MW or more) only where complete generation data cover at least 80% of a company's emissions. Sources: European Commission; UK Emissions Trading Registry; ENTSO-E Transparency Platform; Global Energy Monitor.
- **power_plants_eu.csv** (CC BY 4.0). Europe: one row per ETS installation of the published groups: emissions, closure years (GEM), GEM owners and equity share. No plant-level generation (ENTSO-E unit data are not open data). Sources: European Commission; UK Emissions Trading Registry; Global Energy Monitor.
- **power_closure_events.csv** (CC BY 4.0). AEMO change-log entries since July 2021 for these plants: date, old and new closure, direction and size of change. Sources: AEMO.
- **power_aggregate.csv** (CC BY 4.0). Total for the published companies by year and projection, and coverage of NGER generation emissions. Sources: Clean Energy Regulator (NGER scheme); AEMO; AEMO.

## Sources and their licences
- Clean Energy Regulator (NGER scheme), *Electricity sector emissions and generation data*, FY2013-14 to FY2024-25 (FY2024-25 published 27 Feb 2026). https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data/nger-reporting-data-and-registers. Licence: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Used for: Plant and company emissions (Scope 1), generation, fuel, state.
- AEMO, *Generating Unit Expected Closure Year*, July 2026 release (change logs since July 2021). https://aemo.com.au/energy-systems/electricity/national-electricity-market-nem/nem-forecasting-and-planning/forecasting-and-planning-data/generation-information. Licence: Any use with attribution (AEMO copyright permissions) (https://aemo.com.au/privacy-and-legal-notices/copyright-permissions). Used for: Closure year and date per generating unit; history of changes.
- AEMO, *2025 Inputs and Assumptions Workbook (sheet "Auxiliary")*, 2025 IASR, published 31 July 2025. https://aemo.com.au/energy-systems/major-publications/integrated-system-plan-isp/2026-integrated-system-plan-isp/2025-26-inputs-assumptions-and-scenarios. Licence: Any use with attribution (AEMO copyright permissions) (https://aemo.com.au/privacy-and-legal-notices/copyright-permissions). Used for: Auxiliary load (own use) per plant, to convert NGER generation to sent out.
- US Environmental Protection Agency, *Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID)*, eGRID2018 to eGRID2023 (rev2). https://www.epa.gov/egrid. Licence: US government work, public domain (https://www.epa.gov/web-policies-and-procedures/epa-disclaimers). Used for: US plant emissions (CO₂-e) and net generation, 2018-2023.
- US Energy Information Administration, *Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (EIA-860M)*, August 2026. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/. Licence: US government work, public domain (https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php). Used for: US generators: operator, capacity, planned retirement month and year.
- US Energy Information Administration, *Power Plant Operations Report (EIA-923)*, 2023, 2024 and 2025 final data. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/. Licence: US government work, public domain (https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php). Used for: US plant generation and fuel use for 2024-2025 (eGRID not yet published), with EPA default emission factors (40 CFR 98).
- US Environmental Protection Agency, *Clean Air Markets Program Data (CAMPD)*, Annual facility emissions, 2023-2025 (downloaded October 2026). https://campd.epa.gov/. Licence: US government work, public domain (https://www.epa.gov/web-policies-and-procedures/epa-disclaimers). Used for: Measured CO₂ of large US fossil plants for 2024-2025, as eGRID uses it.
- European Commission, *EU ETS verified emissions per installation (Union Registry)*, Verified emissions 2008-2025 and compliance data, October 2026. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/carbon-markets/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/union-registry_en. Licence: CC BY 4.0 (https://commission.europa.eu/legal-notice_en). Used for: European installation emissions (power and heat), 2013-2025.
- UK Emissions Trading Registry, *UK ETS registry compliance report*, 2021-2025. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-emissions-trading-registry-compliance-reports. Licence: Open Government Licence v3.0 (https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/). Used for: UK installation emissions from 2021.
- ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, *Actual generation output per generation unit (16.1.A)*, 2015-2025, downloaded October 2026. https://transparency.entsoe.eu/. Licence: ENTSO-E Transparency Platform Terms of Use (source cited; company totals only, unit data not republished) (https://transparencyplatform.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/40921911218961-Legal-Terms-and-Conditions). Used for: Company net generation and intensity in Europe (aggregated from units of 100 MW or more).
- Global Energy Monitor, *Global Coal Plant Tracker; Global Oil and Gas Plant Tracker*, July 2026 (coal), August 2026 (oil and gas). https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-integrated-power-tracker/. Licence: CC BY 4.0 (https://globalenergymonitor.org/creative-commons-license/). Used for: Plant owners and equity shares (equity-share basis).
- Climate TRACE, *Electricity generation emissions sources*, v5.2.0. https://climatetrace.org/data. Licence: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Used for: Comparison only ("How others report it"): modelled plant emissions and generation.

We changed the source data: plants were matched across sources, company names standardised, plants linked to Global Energy Monitor for equity shares, generation converted to sent out (NGER generation less each plant's own use, AEMO 2025 IASR factors), and projections calculated. Company targets (Net Zero Tracker, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0) and Transition Pathway Initiative data are shown on the website but not included in these files.

## Conventions
Years are financial years labelled by the year they start (2024 = FY2024-25, July to June in Australia).
Generation and intensity are sent out (net of the plant's own use), the same basis as India (CEA) and the US (eGRID). NGER gross generation is in generation_gross_twh.